What is the role of feedback in a closed-loop control system?

In a closed-loop control system, feedback plays a crucial role in ensuring that the system operates accurately and effectively by adjusting its outputs based on performance. Feedback is used to compare the actual output of the system to the desired output (setpoint). When a discrepancy is detected, the control system makes necessary adjustments to reduce the error and achieve the desired performance.

For instance, consider a thermostat controlling a heating system. When the temperature falls below the setpoint, the thermostat detects this deviation and sends a signal to increase heat output. Conversely, if the temperature exceeds the setpoint, it reduces the heating. This continual adjustment based on real-time performance data exemplifies how feedback is fundamental to the operation of closed-loop systems.

This concept of feedback facilitates improved accuracy and stability, as it allows the system to respond dynamically to variations and disturbances in the environment, ensuring it can maintain the set conditions.