What distinguishes open-loop control systems from closed-loop systems?

Closed-loop control systems are characterized by their incorporation of feedback mechanisms. This feedback allows the system to monitor its output and make adjustments as necessary to achieve the desired result. In other words, the performance of a closed-loop system can be continually assessed, enabling it to correct deviations from the intended outcome. This feedback loop provides greater accuracy and stability, as the system can respond dynamically to changes in conditions or disturbances.

Open-loop systems, in contrast, do not utilize feedback. They operate under a predetermined set of instructions and do not adjust based on the output. This lack of feedback can be simpler in certain scenarios, but it does not provide the same level of control or adaptability as closed-loop systems. Hence, the defining feature of closed-loop systems is the use of feedback, which significantly enhances their capability to maintain desired performance in varying conditions.