What component does a microcontroller interact with to enact control decisions?

A microcontroller interacts with physical sensors to enact control decisions because these sensors provide real-time data about the state of a system or environment. This data is crucial for the microcontroller to evaluate the current conditions and perform necessary computations based on programmed logic. The control decisions made by the microcontroller are based on the input received from these sensors, allowing it to manipulate actuators or other output devices to maintain optimal operation or respond effectively to changes.

In practical applications, the microcontroller processes information from various types of sensors, such as temperature, pressure, or proximity sensors, ensuring that the system operates within defined parameters. This enables automatic adjustments and control actions, which are essential in automated control systems.