In control systems, what is meant by feedback?

Feedback in control systems refers to a fundamental process in which a portion of the output is directed back to the input to enhance the overall performance and stability of the system. This mechanism allows the system to self-regulate by comparing the output to a desired setpoint and making necessary adjustments. For instance, in a temperature control system, if the temperature exceeds the desired level, feedback would enable the system to reduce output, thereby stabilizing the temperature around the setpoint.

This concept is crucial in various applications as it helps maintain desired performance despite disturbances or changes in conditions. Feedback can be either positive, which amplifies effects and can lead to instability, or negative, which reduces discrepancies and promotes stability. The significance of feedback in maintaining system stability and performance makes it an essential principle in control system design and operation.